Chronicle of a Russian estate. The purpose of the exhibition is to show the Russian estate using the example of memorial material from the estates of the Tver region as a special cultural and artistic environment in which the ideas of continuity of generations and connections between times were clearly realized
On February 6, an exhibition from the collection of the Tver Regional Art Gallery “Pictorial Chronicle of a Russian Estate” opened in the house of merchant Filippov. And the first visitors were heads of cultural institutions, librarians, club workers, and teachers of additional education in the Staritsky district.
We present to your attention an exhibition dedicated to various aspects and features of the culture of the Russian estate of the late 18th – early 20th centuries. The exhibition was based on objects of fine art from the collection of the Tver Regionalart gallery
The gallery’s collection was formed from paintings and graphic works that existed mainly in the estates of the Tver region and reflected the features of estate art and life of the “Golden Age” and “Silver Age”.The location of the Tver region on the way from Moscow to St. Petersburg, as well as the beauty of its nature, contributed to the fact that the most eminent noble families have settled here for a long time. Representatives of the most ancient families built their estates with a special palace scale and representativeness, filling them with colossal artistic values, many of which are under study. The project is one of the important stages in the further development and study of artifacts from estate collections.
The purpose of the exhibition is to show the Russian estate, using the example of memorial material from the estates of the Tver region, as a special cultural and artistic environment in which the ideas of continuity of generations and connections between times were clearly realized.
The exhibition presents print copies of paintings and graphic works of the late 18th – early 20th centuries from the estates of the Tver region: Sakharovo, Domotkanovo, Anikovo and others from the collection of the Tver Regional Art Gallery.
The exhibition includes portraits from the magnificent collection belonging to the hero of the Russian-Turkish war, Field Marshal General I.V. Gurko. These are, first of all, portraits of representatives of several generations of the Gurko family, which left a noticeable mark on the history of Russia. And also landscape views of the ancient estate of the Tver region Domotkanovo, which in the 19th century became a favorite residence of artists of the Silver Age.
Another, no less interesting section of the exhibition is Russian landscape and genre painting of the 19th-20th centuries, which is also largely associated with Tver estates (and some works were created directly in their vicinity). An important part of it included landscapes by artists M.V. Derviz-Favorskaya, L.V. Turzhansky, N.Ya. Simonovich-Efimova and others.
The exhibition sufficiently reflects all the nuances of estate life and entertainment at the turn of the 19th – 20th centuries. The works presented to your attention took part in a large-scale project of the Lyublino Museum-Reserve - “Pictorial Chronicle of a Russian Estate” and were exhibited at the N.A. Durasov Palace.
For the last 20 years, a descendant of the owners of the Artemyevo estate, located in the Myshkinsky district of the Yaroslavl region, has been engaged in its restoration. But in early December it partially burned down, and now the owners of the estate are asking everyone who cares for all possible help. Estate manager Vadim Razumov managed to visit Artemyev this summer.
The author photographed the factory complex, as well as the main views of the village, including the hospital complex of 1900-1910, the factory building, residential buildings for management and administrative personnel, dormitories, bathhouses, and a boiler room.
Not a single book about tent architecture ignores the architecture of the temple in Gorodnya, in the Stupinsky district of the Moscow region. The first mention of the stone Church of the Resurrection dates back to 1578. Estate expert Vadim Razumov tells how the monument was distorted from the 16th to the 21st centuries.
“Perhaps only the laziest have not heard of the sensational game Pokemon Go, which has gained an unprecedented number of fans in a month. You may ask why this topic interests me so much? The answer is very simple: according to the developers, the maximum “concentration” of Pokemon that need to be caught is contained in the historical centers of large cities, famous museums and around the most significant landmarks.”
deadokey. Kalyazinskaya bell tower from a quadcopter // Blog “Chronicle of a Russian estate”, 06/07/2016
From St. Nicholas Cathedral, erected on the site of what once existed in the 12th-13th centuries. of the monastery "Nikola on Zhabne", built by the Novgorodians, only the bell tower remains. When the Uglich Reservoir was created, the old part of Kalyazin found itself in a flood zone and the cathedral was dismantled by 1939, and the bell tower was left as a lighthouse.deadokey. Manor Znamenskoye-Rayok. Interiors of the main house // Blog “Chronicle of a Russian estate”, 02/20/2016
Estate expert Vadim Razumov publishes photographs of the interior of the Znamenskoye-Rayok estate, a deteriorating architectural monument of federal significance. Restoration work here stopped two years ago, and not so long ago the estate lost its tenant.deadokey. Factory complex of the Shorygins // Blog “Chronicle of a Russian estate”, 12/06/2015
In the village of Oktyabrsky, Lyubertsy district, a large factory complex of the “Starogorkinsky Manufactory Shorygin Partnership”, created by the industrialist and manufacturer Shorygin in 1896-1915, has been preserved. Two days ago, developers began demolishing two-story brick residential buildings on Novaya Street. The author prepared photographs of all surviving buildings: a hospital complex, a factory building, residential buildings, a dormitory, a bathhouse, a boiler room. In total there are about 20 buildings, now one less.deadokey. The Guryev Chambers, the Zolotarev-Kokorev-Abrikosov house in Potapovsky Lane, 6 // Blog “Chronicle of the Russian Estate”, 11/26/2015
The report is dedicated to the tragic fate of the Guryev chambers. The house, which is based on chambers from the end of the 17th century, was removed from the list of monuments of identified cultural heritage sites in 2009 after a fire for complete demolition. Thanks to the efforts of city defenders, the protective status of the chambers was restored in 2012. However, restoration work has not yet begun and the building is in disrepair.deadokey. Rostopchina estate // Blog “Chronicle of the Russian estate”, 10/15/2015
The author publishes photographs of the house on Bolshaya Lubyanka, 14, which four hundred years ago belonged to Prince Dmitry Mikhailovich Pozharsky; during the war with Napoleon, it was owned by Count Rastopchin. Karamzin lived here, and the wounded General Bagration was brought here from the Borodino field. And for 20 years now the stone chambers have stood without use or restoration.deadokey. Fire at the former factory of Count Yaguzhinsky in Pavlovskaya Sloboda. Part 1 // Blog “Chronicle of a Russian estate”, 08/17/2015
The author talks about the fate of the factory from its inception to the present day. Recently, fires have been occurring regularly here: buildings burn about once a month. The last fire was recorded on August 10, 2015.More
Kiyasovo estate, Moscow region, Stupinsky district
Chronicle of a Russian estate
The estate was founded at the beginning of the 18th century by steward V.S. Naumov. After him, for some time the estate belonged to his son F.V. Naumov, after whom it passed to his daughter, in marriage to A.F. Beloselskaya-Belozerskaya. In 1774, Kiyasovo was sold by the granddaughter of the first owner, Catherine II. According to legend, the empress, driving past the village, suffered from pain in her legs from the long journey, she washed her feet in the waters of holy springs near Kiyasovo, and her legs went away. On this topic: Economists by the grace of God: Andrey Bolotov | | /
After the purchase of the estate, the empress appointed Andrei Timofeevich Bolotov as manager, who left rich descriptions not only about Kiyasovo, but also about many estates in his book “The Life and Adventures of Andrei Bolotov.” On the estate, Bolotov, from 1774 to 1776, conducted the first experiments on the construction of an intricate manor park, described the regular park and the decoration of the main house. In Kiyasovo A.T. Bolotov wrote the work “On the Division of Fields,” which became the first guide to introducing crop rotations. In the middle of the 19th century, Kiyasovo passed to the provincial leader of the nobility, Prince L.N. Gagarin. Owners of the estate: beginning XVIII century - sir. XVIII century - Naumovs, sir. XVIII century - 1774 - A.F. Beloselskaya-Belozerskaya (in the maiden name Naumova), 1774 - mid. XIX century - Palace Department, ser. XIX century - 1917 - Gagarins. The estate was visited by: Catherine II. Preservation of the estate: On the territory of the former estate, the Kazan Church of 1710, a church fence and two gatehouses from the 19th century have been preserved. The main house of the first half of the 18th century has been lost. Estate address: With. Kiyasovo, Stupino district, art. Mikhnevo Paveletskaya railway, then by bus to Stupino 10 km. Date of photos: 2015, June 13.
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The first mention of this area dates back to 1461, and in chronicles it is mentioned as the village of Yadrovo. In 1701 (according to some sources in 1710) the Church of the Icon of the Mother of God of Kazan was erected on the territory of the village. In 1709, the village was already mentioned as the “worldly nickname Kiyasovka”, after the name of one of the owners - Prince Vasily Kiyas Dmitrievich Meshchersky.
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The foundation of the Kiyasovo estate dates back to the beginning of the 18th century, and is associated with the steward V.S. Naumov. From him the estate passed to his son Kriegs Commissioner F.V. Naumov, and then his daughter Princess Anna Feodorovna Beloselskaya-Belozerskaya.
Anna Fedorovna's husband was Prince Andrei Mikhailovich Beloselsky-Belozersky (d. 1779), who was a chamberlain and envoy in Dresden. Anna Fedorovna was married in her youth, but the marriage did not work out. While her father was alive, she still lived with her husband, with whom, however, even then she was already in disagreement. And after the death of their father, the couple separated completely and both lived separately. The husband was in Europe, and she, the princess, was at her own free will in Moscow and owned all the great estates that she inherited after her father. In the middle of the 18th century, Anna Fedorovna decided to sell the village.
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Kiyasovo served as the center of the volost, which included the villages of Malino, Spasskoye, Pokrovskoye and villages, and the entire volost was bought by Empress Catherine II. So the estate became a palace department. History of the village reads that once, when the empress was traveling from St. Petersburg to Moscow, she was unable to continue the journey due to unbearable pain in her legs. I had to stop in Kiyasovo. Local residents advised the porphyry-bearing guest to wash her feet in the waters of holy springs, which have long been famous for their healing properties. After praying, Catherine immersed her feet in the Kyasovo water and soon felt relief. Her surprise was so strong that she remembered this incident for a long time. After some time, the Highest order followed to decorate the temple and add extensions to it.
From 1774 to 1776, the manager of the volost was Andrei Timofeevich Bolotov, an officer, participant in the Seven Years' War, writer and scientist, one of the founders of Russian agronomic science. At the Kiyasovo estate, for three years, he conducted the first experiments in arranging an intricate estate park.
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From the book “The Life and Adventures of Andrei Bolotov,” letter 171, we can find out how Andrei Timofeevich became the manager of the volost.
- Bah! - I exclaimed, amazed. “This, of course, is from Prince Sergius Vasilyevich Gagarin?”
“Exactly from him,” said Mr. Shebashev, “and I have the honor of being his secretary.” His Excellency ordered you to bow and asks you most convincingly about what he deigned to write to you in this letter.
This naturally increased my surprise. I strengthened my request that he sit down, and, sitting down next to him, I hurried to read this paper. But I was suddenly struck by what a pleasant surprise when, while reading, I saw that the prince informed me that he was trading and wanted to buy for the empress the Kiyasovsky volost, which lies not far from me and consists of four thousand souls, and most kindly asked me to take I went to work and with the presenter of this letter, his secretary, whom he sent to me specifically for this purpose, went and examined and, having described this volost, would come to him in Moscow, and that if I liked this volost and he would buy it, then he wanted If he asked me to agree to take over the management of it, in which case he offered me 400 rubles in salary, government horses for riding and a decent amount of bread for my maintenance.
And, having retold this, he ended with the fact that since this volost lies not far from my residence and I will depend solely on him, and not on anyone else, then he is flattered by the hope that I will not renounce my desire and request to fulfill it.”
The exterior decoration of the temple is combined in the architecture of the monument with decorative techniques of the Moscow BaroqueFrom the book “The Life and Adventures of Andrei Bolotov,” letter 172, we can find out how Andrei Timofeevich took over the administration of the volost.
Having done this, we went back to Malino and from there we drove to Kiyasovka itself. Here the prince settled down in the very same rooms on the lower floor of the house where Mr. Shebashev and I had lodged before. And since the prince no longer had the slightest doubt that this volost was for sale, and considered it almost already purchased, then, taking advantage of the free time before the land surveyor’s arrival, we immediately went with him to inspect everything and everyone, and talk and advise each other about where What to do next and what changes to make? We first of all began to examine the house itself and went through all the rooms, leaving not a single corner and cranny without inspection. The prince, despite all his enormity, did not like it, and he especially did not like the most stupid and bad arrangement of the chambers, both in the lower stone and upper wooden floors, which seemed somewhat better and more cheerful. He could not be quite amazed at the old man Mr. Naumov, the father of Princess Beloselskaya, to whom this volost formerly belonged and this village was his real home, how he could build such an absurd and stupid house for himself and how he could live and reside in it. What we were most surprised by was that in the entire upper and best floor there was not a single stove, and everywhere we saw only fireplaces, and the stoves were only in the lower rooms.
From there we went to the old formal garden near the house, located behind it, and found it in complete neglect. He gave us, both garden lovers, countless reasons for conversation. And since this occasion was the most convenient for revealing to the prince all my gardening practical knowledge acquired during my village life and my special desire for gardens, this was especially pleasant for the prince and brought him to the point that he said to me:
ABOUT! when you, my friend, are such a lover of gardens, and know so much about everything concerning them, then on this side I will remain provided for, putting all the local gardens at your complete disposal and will. Do with them what you want: adjust and arrange everything as you please and use not only as many fruits as you want, but also the most fruitful trees. I see that there are a great many layerings here, as well as a multitude of all kinds of fruitful bushes and trees; so if you yourself need any of them for your gardens, then you can take as much as you want from here. Please, please take it! I give you this permission in advance. “And for that,” I said, thanking him for this permission, “I will bring here from my gardens something that is not here.”
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From the book “The Life and Adventures of Andrei Bolotov,” letter 175, we can find out how Andrei Timofeevich brought his family to Kiyasovo:
It was just before evening when we, with many of our carts, which made up a sizeable convoy, drove into the village of Kiyasovka, and then into the vast and spacious courtyard of the master’s house. My companions, who were sitting with me in the same carriage, crossed themselves out of their piety as they entered the courtyard, and when they saw the house, they exclaimed in surprise: “Eh, eh, eh! what a domino, and God knows how many people you can fit in it.” “Well, don’t be too happy,” I told them, “about its size, but look ahead to its interior, and then you will surely say something else; He is not as calm and spacious on the inside as he is great and good on the outside.
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Labor A.T. Bolotov "On the division of fields" became the first guide to the introduction of crop rotation. In Kiyasovo, peasants were released on quitrent, and on state-owned lands, Bolotov introduced seven-field crop rotation. He did not wait for the results of the experiment, since two years later he was transferred as manager to the Bogoroditskaya volost of the Tula province.
With the participation of N.I. Novikov, A.T. Bolotov published the magazines “Rural Resident” and “Economic Store”, but his autobiographical notes “The Life and Adventures of Andrei Bolotov, described by himself for his descendants” received the greatest fame. In this work, the author talks about what he witnessed from 1738 to 1793.
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In the middle of the 19th century, Kiyasovo passed to the provincial leader of the nobility, Prince L.N. Gagarin.
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The chronicle preserves information that on December 9, 1909, the Church of the Kazan Icon of the Mother of God was illuminated after repairs, which were carried out through the efforts of the then rector of the Temple, priest Fr. Sergius Sakharov at the expense of benefactor P.G. Savina; the walls of the temple were again painted by A. Titov.
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It is not known whether the Gagarins remained owners until 1917, or whether there were other owners. It is also not known when the manor house fell into disrepair. Only the Kazan Church has survived to this day.
During Soviet times, the temple was closed, this happened in 1962, the bell was thrown down, the iconostases were destroyed, the wall paintings, icons and books were burned. The temple was reopened in 1990.
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Old photos
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In faces
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Emperor Paul I gave Vvedenskoye to his favorite Lopukhina, under whom it began to be built up. Here he visited her incognito, appearing accompanied by an equestrian retinue in half masks. Vvedenskoye was designed by the famous architect N. A. Lvov in the winter of 1798-99, this is his only surviving work in the Moscow region. After the Lopukhins, the Yakunchikovs owned the estate; I. Levitan, V. Borisov-Musatov, A. Chekhov, P. Tchaikovsky visited them. The daughter of the owner of the estate, Maria Vasilievna, loved the estate very much and lived there for a long time; the painting “From the Window of an Old House”, painted in Vvedensky in 1897, has been preserved. After the Yakunchikovs, Vvedensky was owned by Count S.D. Sheremetev, whose father was the son of the famous serf actress Praskovya Zhemchugova. Director Sergei Bondarchuk chose it as the estate of the old Prince Bolkonsky for the film “War and Peace”...
| December 22, 2013 Manor Pozharsky, Miloslavsky, Golovin, Lopukhin, Moscow region... |
VVEDENSKOE estate. Part 1. The main house and the Vvedenskaya Church, the history of the estate.
VVEDENSKOE estate. Part 2. Architect Nikolai Lvov and the Vvedenskoye estate.
VVEDENSKOE estate. Part 3. Old photographs, maps and paintings of Maria Yakunchikova and Viktor Borisov-Musatov.
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